The Smolensk Lakes National Park is located in the west of the Central Russian Upland, north of the city of Smolensk.
The park covers about 3% of the territory of the Smolensk region, including 146,237 hectares of land in the Demidov and Dukhovschinsky districts. According to the configuration, the territory of the park is almost the right diamond. The maximum distance from west to east is 55 km, from south to north is 50 km.
In 2002, the national park was granted the status of a biosphere reserve under the auspices of UNESCO.